Expression and localization of PfADF1 and PfAct1 in P. falciparum. IFA of merozoite invasion probed with anti-PfADF1, PfAct1, and PfRON4 during merozoite invasion. (Scale bars, 2 μm.). Free merozoites were captured mid-invasion and colabeled with rhoptry neck protein 4 (RON4), a marker of the tight junction that is the point of close apposition between host and parasite membranes during invasion, the site at which a ring of actin forms, a feature consistent with engagement of the actomyosin motor at the junction. PfADF1 retained its cytosolic localization during invasion with the exception that labeling was absent at the tight junction and its associated actin ring.Wong W, Skau CT, Marapana DS, Hanssen E, Taylor NL, Riglar DT, Zuccala ES, Angrisano F, Lewis H, Catimel B, Clarke OB, Kershaw NJ, Perugini MA, Kovar DR, Gulbis JM, Baum J. Minimal requirements for actin filament disassembly revealed by structural analysis of malaria parasite actin-depolymerizing factor 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 108:9869-74.

Expression and localization of actin-depolymerizing factor 1 (PfADF1) and actine 1 (PfAct1) in P. falciparum. IFA of mature P. falciparum schizont stages labeled with PfAct1, PfADF1, and PfRON4 antisera. r, rabbit; m, mouse. (Scale bars, 2 μm.) Immunofluorescence assays (IFA) of schizont stages (before merozoite release) demonstrated broad labeling across the parasite cytosol with the exception of the nucleus (marked by DAPI. This distribution was consistent with that of PfAct1.Wong W, Skau CT, Marapana DS, Hanssen E, Taylor NL, Riglar DT, Zuccala ES, Angrisano F, Lewis H, Catimel B, Clarke OB, Kershaw NJ, Perugini MA, Kovar DR, Gulbis JM, Baum J. Minimal requirements for actin filament disassembly revealed by structural analysis of malaria parasite actin-depolymerizing factor 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 108:9869-74.