Confocal fluorescent images in panels A, C, and E show intense labeling of the erythrocyte plasma membrane (A, ring stage), the parasite (C, trophozoite stage), or both parasites and erythrocyte cytosol (bright dots) and the plasma membrane of the erythrocytes (E, trophozoite stage) as detected using antibody against the B subunit of P. falciparum V-H+-ATPase (red). Panel G shows the lack of labeling of uninfected erythrocytes by epifluorescence microscopy. Panels B, D, F, and H show the bright field pictures of the same cells. Arrows in H show infected erythrocytes. Bars (for A–G) = 2.0 mm. Parasite-encoded vacuolar (V)-H+-ATPase is exported to the erythrocyte and localized in membranous structures and in the plasma membrane of the infected erythrocyte.Marchesini N, Vieira M, Luo S, Moreno SN, Docampo R. A malaria parasite-encoded vacuolar H+-ATPase is targeted to the host erythrocyte. J Biol Chem. 2005 280:36841-7.