Localization of PfACP in the apicoplast. An immuno-fluorescence assay was performed using anti-PfACP primary antibodies and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated secondary antibodies on glass slides containing thin smears of nonsynchronized P. falciparum parasites. E. Panels 1 and 2 show that PfACP (green) is localized to the apicoplast. DAPI was used to stain the nuclei. (F) Apicoplast localization of PfGyrA and PfGyrB. An immunofluorescence assay was performed using the above-described antibodies on glass slides containing thin smears of P. falciparum parasites (mostly late trophozoite stages). In panels 1and 2, PfACP (green) and PfGyrB (red) are colocalized to the apicoplast. In the third and fourth panels, PfGyrA (green) and PfGyrB (red) show colocalization to the apicoplast.Dar MA, Sharma A, Mondal N, Dhar SK. Molecular cloning of apicoplast-targeted Plasmodium falciparum DNA gyrase genes: unique intrinsic ATPase activity and ATP-independent dimerization of PfGyrB subunit. Eukaryot Cell. 2007 6(3):398-412.