The protein encoded by the gene MAL13.P1.122 localize to the far nuclear periphery. MAL13P1.122 is a SET-domain protein (Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase), which localizes to the nuclear periphery surrounding the DAPI stained portion within the same region of CenPA (histone H3) and the histone mark H3K9m3. Co-localization studies by immunofluorescence. Nup100 (PFI0250c) and CenPA (histone H3 PF13_0185) are used as markers of the nuclear periphery.Volz J, Carvalho TG, Ralph SA, Gilson P, Thompson J, Tonkin CJ, Langer C, Crabb BS, Cowman AF. Potential epigenetic regulatory proteins localise to distinct nuclear sub-compartments in Plasmodium falciparum. Int J Parasitol. 2010 40:109-21. Copyright Elsevier 2010.

b and c: Electron microscopy of gelatin-selected 3D7 and 3D7SETvsD iRBCs. Typical knobs in scanning electron microscopy (b) and transmission electron microscopy (c) pictures are indicted by red arrowheads. d, Live-cell IFA using rat and rabbit antisera to various PfEMP1 proteins to detect co-expression of different PfEMP1 proteins on the surface of 3D7SETvsD (P. falciparum 3D7 lacking the SET2 gene) iRBCs. Wild-type 3D7 iRBC is shown to the right. No staining is seen. DAPI is used to mark the parasite nucleus. Types of var genes are shown in parentheses. Scale bars, 1 mm (b), 0.5 mm (c) and 1.5 mm (d). Knock out of PfSET2 led to the expression of virtually all var genes in the ring stage. By contrast, knockout of any other PfSET or PfHKDM genes did not alter the transcription of the var gene family in 3D7.Jiang L, Mu J, Zhang Q, Ni T, Srinivasan P, Rayavara K, Yang W, Turner L, Lavstsen T, Theander TG, Peng W, Wei G, Jing Q, Wakabayashi Y, Bansal A, Luo Y, Ribeiro JM, Scherf A, Aravind L, Zhu J, Zhao K, Miller LH. PfSETvs methylation of histone H3K36 represses virulence genes in Plasmodium falciparum. Nature. 2013 499(7457):223-7.

Schematic representation of the Plasmodium falciparum nuclear architecture. A schematic representation of an infected red blood cell (RBC) and an enlargement of the P. falciparum nucleus are shown. From the centre towards the periphery we have defined three distinct areas (1–3) in which nuclear proteins specifically distribute. A summary is shown in which trophozoite stages have been analyzed. Proteins, previously predicted to functionally interact, are shown in red. Proteins previously predicted for their histone target sites are indicated by grey boxes. A, apicoplast. M, mitochondria, No, nucleolus.Volz J, Carvalho TG, Ralph SA, Gilson P, Thompson J, Tonkin CJ, Langer C, Crabb BS, Cowman AF. Potential epigenetic regulatory proteins localize to distinct nuclear sub-compartments in Plasmodium falciparum. Int J Parasitol. 2010 40(1):109-21. Copyright Elsevier.