Immunoelectron microscopy using anti-β-SU type 5 antisera in combination with gold (12 nm)-coupled secondary antibody indicated the ultrastructural localization of the protein in trophozoites and schizonts. Arrowheads indicate gold particles. Bar, 1 μm. β-SU type 5 is abundantly present in the nuclei of trophozoites and schizonts, but not in the nucleolus. The protein is additionally present in the cytoplasm of blood stage parasites. No gold labelling was detected in the erythrocyte, the parasite rhoptries or the food vacuole.Aminake MN, Schoof S, Sologub L, Leubner M, Kirschner M, Arndt HD, Pradel G. Thiostrepton derivatives exhibit antimalarial and gametocytocidal activity by dually targeting parasite proteasome and apicoplast. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 55:1338-48.

Subcellular localization of β-SU type 5 in the P. falciparum blood stages. (A) Indirect immunofluorescence assays using mouse polyclonal antisera against β-SU type 5 revealed localization of the protein in the ring, trophozoite, schizont or gametocyte stages (green, AlexaFluor 488). Nuclei were highlighted by Hoechst nuclear staining (blue), erythrocytes were counterstained by Evans Blue (red). Bar, 5 μm. RS, ring stage; SZ, schizont; TZ, trophozoite. While there was minor punctuate labelling detected in the ring stages (RS), β-SU type 5 was abundantly expressed in trophozoites and schizonts, where it was present in the cytoplasm and associated with the parasite nucleus (TZ and SZ). In gametocytes, β-SU type 5 was primarily localized to the cytoplasm (GC).Aminake MN, Schoof S, Sologub L, Leubner M, Kirschner M, Arndt HD, Pradel G. Thiostrepton derivatives exhibit antimalarial and gametocytocidal activity by dually targeting parasite proteasome and apicoplast. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 55(4):1338-48

Immunofluorescence assays, using specific antibodies, detected the proteins of interest (in green) in asexual blood stage (ABS) parasites, using MSP1 (in red). Nuclei were highlighted by Hoechst nuclear stain (in blue). Bar, 5 μm. Ngwa CJ, Scheuermayer M, Mair GR, Kern S, Brügl T, Wirth CC, Aminake MN, Wiesner J, Fischer R, Vilcinskas A, Pradel G. Changes in the transcriptome of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum during the initial phase of transmission from the human to the mosquito. BMC Genomics. 2013 Apr 15;14:256