Immunofluorescence microscopy of Pfpmt in transgenic P. falciparum-infected red blood cells expressing GFP in the cytoplasm, ER, and Golgi apparatus. Erythrocytes infected with transgenic parasites expressing GFP in the cytoplasm (GFP) ( panel A), the ER (GFP-SDEL-PF14_0046) (panel B), and Golgi apparatus (Rab6-GFP PF11_0461) (panel C) at different stages of parasite intraerythrocytic development. Parasites were examined by microscopy using illumination at 546 nm to visualize Pfpmt (green) conjugated to the fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-rabbit secondary antibody or at 488 nm to visualize GFP complexed with the Texas Red-conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (red). DNA was counterstained with Hoechst (blue). DIC, differential interference contrast images of parasitized erythrocytes. R, ring; T, trophozoite; S, schizont.Confocal microscopy revealed that Pfpmt is not cytoplasmic and complete co-localization was detected with Rab6, a marker of the Golgi apparatus.Witola WH, Pessi G, El Bissati K, Reynolds JM, Mamoun CB. Localization of the phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to the Golgi apparatus. J Biol Chem. 2006 281:21305-11.

1. Culture sample showing adjacent trophozoite (T)-infected erythrocytes stained with anti-PfPMT and anti-Pfg27 antibodies. both membrane and cytoplasmic localizations of the native enzyme could be detected in wild-type parasites using anti-PfPMT antibodies, suggesting that the protein might exist in both membrane-associated and soluble forms2. Immunofluorescence analysis of wild-type, pfpmtΔ and complemented pfpmtΔ+PfPMT parasites expressing PfPMT under the regulatory control of the P. falciparum CAM1 promoter. PfPMT (green), Pfg27 (red), and Hoechst (blue). No Pfg27 labeling of stage-IV or -V gametocytes could be detected in the pfpmtΔ strain, whereas stage-IV and -V gametocytes expressing both Pfg27 and PfPMT were detected in wild-type cultures.Bobenchik AM, Witola WH, Augagneur Y, Nic Lochlainn L, Garg A, Pachikara N,Choi JY, Zhao YO, Usmani-Brown S, Lee A, Adjalley SH, Samanta S, Fidock DA, Voelker DR, Fikrig E, Ben Mamoun C. Plasmodium falciparum phospho-ethanolamine methyltransferase is essential for malaria transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 110(45):18262-7