Location of PPLP2 in P. falciparum gametocytes during activation. A. Cultures of gametocytes before activation, and at 7 and 15 min post-activation, were labelled with antiserum B directed against PPLP2 (green) and counterstained with (A) anti-Pfs230 antisera (red) or (B) anti-Pfs25. The corresponding differential interference contrast (DIC) images are shown. Note that mature P. falciparum gametocytes have a banana-like shape but round up during activation. Bar, 5 μm (A) and 2 μm (B). Deligianni E, Morgan RN, Bertuccini L, Wirth CC, Silmon de Monerri NC, Spanos L, Blackman MJ, Louis C, Pradel G, Siden-Kiamos I. A perforin-like protein mediates disruption of the erythrocyte membrane during egress of Plasmodium berghei male gametocytes. Cell Microbiol. 2013 15(8):1438-55 PMID:

Immunofluorescence assays of P. falciparum gametocytes at 15 min post-activation showed PPLP2 labelling (green) in association with shed membranes (indicated by arrows). The exflagellating microgametocyte is highlighted by labelling of Pfs25 (red). Arrowheads indicate microgametes. The corresponding differential interference contrast (DIC) images are shown. Bar, 5 μm.Deligianni E, Morgan RN, Bertuccini L, Wirth CC, Silmon de Monerri NC, Spanos L, Blackman MJ, Louis C, Pradel G, Siden-Kiamos I. A perforin-like protein mediates disruption of the erythrocyte membrane during egress of Plasmodium berghei male gametocytes. Cell Microbiol. 2013 15(8):1438-55

Immunofluorescence microscopy of P. falciparum merozoites and sexual stages. Upper panel A: fresh merozoite preparations were treated with anti-PfP0N (a, N-terminal), anti-PfP0C (b, C-terminal) and anti-MSP1 antibodies, each at a dilution of 1:50. Bound antibodies were visualized with anti-rabbit IgG-FITC secondary antibodies. The left hand panels show the bright field, and the right hand panels show the immunofluorescence. Bar corresponds to 1 mm. Lower Panel B: co-staining immunofluorescence analysis of macro gametes and red cell-free gametocytes. Panel a (bright field); b and c (corresponding immunofluorescent images) of a clump of two gametes and one gametocyte. Panel d (bright field), e and f (corresponding immunofluorescent images) of a single gametocyte. Panel g and i are the bright fields showing a gametocyte, while h andj are the corresponding immunofluorescent images, respectively.Panels a–f show the parasites treated with rabbit anti-PfP0N and Mab anti-Pfs230 [21]; g and h are gametocytes treated with rabbit pre-immune sera, and i and j are gametocytes treated with Mab anti-Pfg27, an internal marker of sexual stages . Anti-PfP0N was visualized with anti- rabbit IgG rhodamine secondary antibodies (b, e), while the monoclonal antibodies were visualized with anti-mouse IgG-FITC secondary antibodies (c, f and j). Rabbit pre-immune serum (panel h) was visualized with anti-rabbit IgG-FITC. All antibodies were used at 1:100 dilution. Bar corresponds to 5 mm.Chatterjee S, Singh S, Sohoni R, Kattige V, Deshpande C, Chiplunkar S, Kumar N, Sharma S. Characterization of domains of the phosphoriboprotein P0 of Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2000 107(2):143-54.

Protein expression profile of selected P. falciparum proteases. IFAs using polyclonal mouse antisera directed against 12 of the proteases was used to demonstrate protein expression in the asexual blood stages (R, ring; T, trophozoite; iS, immature schizont; mS, mature schizont) and gametocytes (GC stages III, IV and V) as well as in macrogametes (MaG) at 20 min post-activation (in green). The asexual and the sexual blood sstages were visualized via immunolabelling with polyclonal rabbit antisera against PfMSP1 and Pfs230, respectively (in red). Hoechst 33342 staining was used to highlight the parasite nuclei (in blue). Bar, 5 μm. Results are representative of three to four independent experiments.Weißbach T, Golzmann A, Bennink S, Pradel G, Julius Ngwa C. Transcript and protein expression analysis of proteases in the blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Exp Parasitol. 2017 Mar 25. [Epub ahead of print]

Protein expression profile of selected P. falciparum proteases. IFAs using polyclonal mouse antisera directed against 12 of the proteases was used to demonstrate protein expression in the asexual blood stages (R, ring; T, trophozoite; iS, immature schizont; mS, mature schizont) and gametocytes (GC stages III, IV and V) as well as in macrogametes (MaG) at 20 min post-activation (in green). The asexual and the sexual blood sstages were visualized via immunolabelling with polyclonal rabbit antisera against PfMSP1 and Pfs230, respectively (in red). Hoechst 33342 staining was used to highlight the parasite nuclei (in blue). Bar, 5 μm. Results are representative of three to four independent experiments.Weißbach T, Golzmann A, Bennink S, Pradel G, Julius Ngwa C. Transcript and protein expression analysis of proteases in the blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Exp Parasitol. 2017 Mar 25. [Epub ahead of print]

Protein expression profile of selected P. falciparum proteases. IFAs using polyclonal mouse antisera directed against 12 of the proteases was used to demonstrate protein expression in the asexual blood stages (R, ring; T, trophozoite; iS, immature schizont; mS, mature schizont) and gametocytes (GC stages III, IV and V) as well as in macrogametes (MaG) at 20 min post-activation (in green). The asexual and the sexual blood sstages were visualized via immunolabelling with polyclonal rabbit antisera against PfMSP1 and Pfs230, respectively (in red). Hoechst 33342 staining was used to highlight the parasite nuclei (in blue). Bar, 5 μm. Results are representative of three to four independent experiments.Weißbach T, Golzmann A, Bennink S, Pradel G, Julius Ngwa C. Transcript and protein expression analysis of proteases in the blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Exp Parasitol. 2017 Mar 25. [Epub ahead of print]

Protein expression profile of selected P. falciparum proteases. IFAs using polyclonal mouse antisera directed against 12 of the proteases was used to demonstrate protein expression in the asexual blood stages (R, ring; T, trophozoite; iS, immature schizont; mS, mature schizont) and gametocytes (GC stages III, IV and V) as well as in macrogametes (MaG) at 20 min post-activation (in green). The asexual and the sexual blood sstages were visualized via immunolabelling with polyclonal rabbit antisera against PfMSP1 and Pfs230, respectively (in red). Hoechst 33342 staining was used to highlight the parasite nuclei (in blue). Bar, 5 μm. Results are representative of three to four independent experiments.Weißbach T, Golzmann A, Bennink S, Pradel G, Julius Ngwa C. Transcript and protein expression analysis of proteases in the blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Exp Parasitol. 2017 Mar 25. [Epub ahead of print]

Protein expression profile of selected P. falciparum proteases. IFAs using polyclonal mouse antisera directed against 12 of the proteases was used to demonstrate protein expression in the asexual blood stages (R, ring; T, trophozoite; iS, immature schizont; mS, mature schizont) and gametocytes (GC stages III, IV and V) as well as in macrogametes (MaG) at 20 min post-activation (in green). The asexual and the sexual blood sstages were visualized via immunolabelling with polyclonal rabbit antisera against PfMSP1 and Pfs230, respectively (in red). Hoechst 33342 staining was used to highlight the parasite nuclei (in blue). Bar, 5 μm. Results are representative of three to four independent experiments.Weißbach T, Golzmann A, Bennink S, Pradel G, Julius Ngwa C. Transcript and protein expression analysis of proteases in the blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Exp Parasitol. 2017 Mar 25. [Epub ahead of print]

Protein expression profile of selected P. falciparum proteases. IFAs using polyclonal mouse antisera directed against 12 of the proteases was used to demonstrate protein expression in the asexual blood stages (R, ring; T, trophozoite; iS, immature schizont; mS, mature schizont) and gametocytes (GC stages III, IV and V) as well as in macrogametes (MaG) at 20 min post-activation (in green). The asexual and the sexual blood sstages were visualized via immunolabelling with polyclonal rabbit antisera against PfMSP1 and Pfs230, respectively (in red). Hoechst 33342 staining was used to highlight the parasite nuclei (in blue). Bar, 5 μm. Results are representative of three to four independent experiments.Weißbach T, Golzmann A, Bennink S, Pradel G, Julius Ngwa C. Transcript and protein expression analysis of proteases in the blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Exp Parasitol. 2017 Mar 25. [Epub ahead of print]

Immunolabeling control of blood stage parasite samples. Non-immunized mouse sera (NMS) were used to immunolabel fixed samples of trophozoites, schizonts and mature gametocytes (GC) as well as of activated gametocytes (aGC) at 30 min post-activation (green). Schizonts were visualized by labelling with rabbit anti-MSP1 antisera and gametocytes were visualized by rabbit anti-Pfs230 antisera (red); nuclei were highlighted by Hoechst stain (blue). Bar, 5 µm. Results shown are representative for three independent experiments.Weißbach T, Golzmann A, Bennink S, Pradel G, Julius Ngwa C. Transcript and protein expression analysis of proteases in the blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Exp Parasitol. 2017 Mar 25. [Epub ahead of print]