Ubiquitylation proteins localize to the apicoplast in Plasmodium falciparum. Immunofluorescence assays detecting the respective ubiquitylation factorindicated (white lettering) in the left-most panel. Proteins were detected by tagging with an HA or GFP epitope in the genomic locus (C, D), by ectopic fusion with partial coding sequence (E), or by using an antibody raised again recombinant protein (C). Staining for the apicoplast markers Cpn60 and ACP is shown in the second lane. Merged images also show DAPI staining for P. falciparumAgrawal S, Chung DW, Ponts N, van Dooren GG, Prudhomme J, Brooks CF, Rodrigues EM, Tan JC, Ferdig MT, Striepen B, Le Roch KG. An Apicoplast Localized Ubiquitylation System Is Required for the Import of Nuclear-encoded Plastid Proteins. PLoS Pathog. 2013 9(6):e1003426