Localization of PfCPO by immunofluorescence microscopy. Localization of PfCPO with Mitotracker green (mitochondrial marker), PfALAS (mitochondrial marker) and PfUROD (apicoplast marker) was studied. IE, infected erythrocyte; P, parasite; H, hemozoin. Scale bar=5 μm. results presented in Fig. 4 indicate that the PfCPO signal was distributed throughout the parasite, but did not colocalize with that of Mitotracker dye (mitochondrial marker), PfALAS (mitochondrial marker) or PfUROD (apicoplast marker).Nagaraj VA, Prasad D, Arumugam R, Rangarajan PN, Padmanaban G. Characterization of coproporphyrinogen III oxidase in Plasmodium falciparum cytosol. Parasitol Int. 2010 59:121-127. Copyright Elsevier 2011

Localization of porphobilinogen deaminase PfPBGD with d-aminolevulinate dehydratase PfALAD and d-aminolevulinic acid synthase PfALAS in P. falciparum by immunofluorescence. PGDB and PfALAD are localized to the apicoplast. PfALAS is localized to the mitochondrion. IE, infected erythrocyte; P, parasite; H, hemozoin.Sato S, Clough B, Coates L, Wilson RJ. Enzymes for heme biosynthesis are found in both the mitochondrion and plastid of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Protist. 2004 155:117-25. Copyright Elsevier 2009.

Co-localization of ALAS with MitoTracker dye and Hsp60 in P. falciparum. Top row : (a) bright ®eld (the contour of the infected cell is indicated since it is not clearly visible) ; (b) Hoechst stain ; (c) MitoTracker fluorescence in parasite ; (d) ALAS immuno¯uorescence with PfALAS antibody and FITC-conjugated secondary antibody ; (e) co-localization of (c) and (d). Bottom row : (a) bright field ; (b) Hoescht stain ; (c) Hsp60 immunofuorescence with Hsp60 antibody in rabbits and tetramethylrhodamine b-isothiocyanate (TRITC)-conjugated anti-rabbit antibody in goat ; (d) ALAS immuno-fluorescence with ALAS antibody in mice and FITC-conjugated anti-mouse antibody in goat ; (e) c-localization of (c) and (d).Varadharajan S, Dhanasekaran S, Bonday ZQ, Rangarajan PN, Padmanaban G. Involvement of delta-aminolaevulinate synthase encoded by the parasite gene in de novo haem synthesis by Plasmodium falciparum. Biochem J. 2002 Oct 15;367(Pt 2):321-7. PubMed