Indirect immunofluorescence assay of P. falciparum acetyl CoA carboxylase-haemagluttinin transgenic parasites showing localisation of P. falciparum acetyl CoA carboxylase in the apicoplast (green, P. falciparum acetyl CoA carboxylase-haemagluttinin labelled with anti-haemagluttinin antibody; red, apicoplast labelled with anti-Pf acyl carrier protein; blue, DNA stained with Hoechst 33342). Bar = 1 mm. The PfACC gene thus encodes an apicoplast-localised protein.Goodman CD, Mollard V, Louie T, Holloway GA, Watson KG, McFadden GI. Apicoplast acetyl Co-A carboxylase of the human malaria parasite is not targeted by cyclohexanedione herbicides. Int J Parasitol. 2014 Feb 25. pii: S0020-7519(14)00034-4. PMID:

PfAMA1 translocation is aberrant in schizonts with PfMOP-knockdown. (a) Schizonts from [+]/[-] Shld1 PfMOP-DD parasites were E64-treated, fixed, probed with anti-PfAMA1 and scored as micronemal (M), partially translocated (PT) or surface (S), representative [+] Shld1 parasite IFAs shown. (c) Synchronized schizont stage (40–44 h) parasites, maintained with 250nM (left panel) or 0 nM (right panel) Shld1, were incubated 6 h in presence of 10 mM E64, methanol-fixed, permeabilized, and stained using antibodies against PfRON4, PfRhopH3, PfEBA175 and PfTubulin. Staining for these markers was similar in [+] and [-] Shld1 conditions. PfAMA1 staining was used to identify E64-treated schizonts that were sufficiently mature (that is, surface staining or partially translocated staining, but not micronemal staining, scale bar, 1 mm).Absalon S, Robbins JA, Dvorin JD. An essential malaria protein defines the architecture of blood-stage and transmission-stage parasites. Nat Commun. 2016 7:11449.