Normal gametocyte production. Normal gamete formation (exflagellation). Aberrant development of ookinetes. Development of the zygote through stages IIII of ookinete maturity (09 h post-fertilisation)was indistinguishable in the ppkl- mutants compared to wild-type. Wild-type controls showed normal progression and maturation to stage IV (at 12 h), with 69% of all macrogamete-derived parasites progressing to stage VI 24 h post-fertilisation. In contrast, the majority of ppkl2 mutants did not progress from stage III to stage IV, but produced a high proportion of abnormal retort forms 24 h post fertilisation (35% of the total population) with only 4% progressing to stage IVVI.Ookinetes are affected in motility and migration through the midgut wall

Normal gametocyte production. Normal gamete formation (exflagellation). Aberrant development of ookinetes.Differentiation of female gametes into ookinete stages was severely impaired producing abnormal forms, with 63% appearing as retort-shaped forms (the Type III form).Ookinetes are affected in motility

No oocyst formation. Ookinetes are affected in motility and migration through the midgut wall

No oocyst formation. Ookinetes are affected in motility and migration through the midgut wall

No oocyst formation and not sporozoite formation

No oocyst formation and sporozoite formation