Cellular localization of PfTyrRS. (a) Confocal microscopy of P. falciparum asexual stages—rings, trophozoites and schizonts using anti-sera raised in rabbits against PfTyrRS. Scale bar in red corresponds to a size of 5 μm (b) Confocal microscopy using anti-GFP antibody (green) in PfTyrRS-GFP transgenic parasite cell lines. Parasite nucleus was stained with DAPI (blue) in each case. Scale bar in red corresponds to a size of 5 μm. Close examination of PfTyrRS localization in infected erythrocytes during trophozoite and schizont stages revealed possible secretion of PfTyrRS into infected red blood cell.Bhatt TK, Khan S, Dwivedi VP, Banday MM, Sharma A, Chandele A, Camacho N, de Pouplana LR, Wu Y, Craig AG, Mikkonen AT, Maier AG, Yogavel M, Sharma A. Malaria parasite tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase secretion triggers pro-inflammatory responses. Nat Commun. 2011 2:530.