Co-localization and control IFAs. A. Immunolabelling of PfCLK-1 with rabbit antisera (red) detected the kinase in the schizonts´ cytoplasm as well as in the nuclei, where it co-localizes with the three SR proteins (green). Schizonts were counterlabelled with rabbit antibodies against PfMSP-1 (red). All nuclei were highlighted by Hoechst staining (blue). Bar, 5 μm. The co-localization experiments confirmed that the SR proteins are solely present in the nuclei, while in the early schizont stage, PfCLK-1 is present both in the parasite nuclei and the cytoplasm. Co-localization of PfCLK-1 with the three SR proteins can be detected in distinct nuclear regions. Kern S, Agarwal S, Huber K, Gehring AP, Strödke B, Wirth CC, Brügl T, Abodo LO, Dandekar T, Doerig C, Fischer R, Tobin AB, Alam MM, Bracher F, Pradel G. Inhibition of the SR Protein-Phosphorylating CLK Kinases of Plasmodium falciparum Impairs Blood Stage Replication and Malaria Transmission. PLoS One. 2014 Sep 4;9(9):e105732.

Subcellular localization of the SR proteins in the blood stage. Mixed asexual blood stage cultures containing trophozoites (TZ) and schizonts (SZ) cultures were fixed with paraformaldehyde and prepared for IFA, using mouse antisera against PfSRSF12, PfSFRS4 and PfSF-1 (green). The parasite nuclei were highlighted by Hoechst staining (blue). The parasites were labelled with rabbit antisera against PfMSP-1. Bar, 5 mm. IFAs detected the three SR proteins in the trophozoite nucleus (top rows). An additional minor labelling was observed in the nuclei of the schizont stages (center rows).Kern S, Agarwal S, Huber K, Gehring AP, Strödke B, Wirth CC, Brügl T, Abodo LO, Dandekar T, Doerig C, Fischer R, Tobin AB, Alam MM, Bracher F, Pradel G. Inhibition of the SR Protein-Phosphorylating CLK Kinases of Plasmodium falciparum Impairs Blood Stage Replication and Malaria Transmission. PLoS One. 2014 Sep 4;9(9):e105732.