1. Anti-PfSOD1 antibodies were used at 1:250. PfSOD1 was visualised using a rhodamine-coupled secondary antibody at 1:300. Nucleic acids were stained with DAPI. PfSOD1 appears to be a cytosolic protein2. Parasites were transfected and analysed by fluorescence microscopy. The first 273 nucleotides of the PfSOD2 ORF result in targeting of GFP into the parasites’ mitochondrion as shown by co-localisation of GFP and Mitotracker CMX Ros. Sienkiewicz N, Daher W, Dive D, Wrenger C, Viscogliosi E, Wintjens R, Jouin H, Capron M, Müller S, Khalife J. Identification of a mitochondrial superoxide dismutase with an unusual targeting sequence in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2004 137:121-32. Copyright Elsevier 2009.

PfSOD2 Is Targeted to the Apicoplast in the Intra-ErythrocyticStages of P. falciparum. IFA on live erytrocytes infected with transgenic P. falciparum parasites expressing PfSOD2GFP. The construct starts either at the second methionine ( MNLKIL. . .) and is controlled by the PfCRT promoter (panel a), or at he first methionine (MLYKLY. . .) and is controlled by the PfSOD2 promoter (panel b). The mitochondrion is labeled in red with MitoTracker and the localization PfSOD2-GFP to the apicoplast is detected in green. The same construct was stably expressed in the strain 3D7 and the same results were observed. Moreover, PfSOD2 was also shown to localize to the apicoplast only in the gametocytes (panel c). The arrows indicate the apicoplast.Pino P, Foth BJ, Kwok LY, Sheiner L, Schepers R, Soldati T, Soldati-Favre D. Dual targeting of antioxidant and metabolic enzymes to the mitochondrion and the apicoplast of Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS Pathog. 2007 3(8):e115.